Food Sources and Supplement Context

Eye-Friendly Vitamins & Nutrients

Nutrients support normal eye function, but supplements do not restore lost vision or prevent every eye condition. For most people, food is the starting point. AREDS2 supplements apply only to certain stages of AMD.

Should everyone take an eye vitamin?

No. The right choice depends on your diagnosis, diet, medicines, and health history. Ask your eye doctor before starting a supplement, especially a high-dose formula.

Lutein & Zeaxanthin

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids found in the retina and in foods such as dark leafy greens, broccoli, corn, peas, and other colorful produce. They are included in the AREDS2 supplement formula used for some patients with intermediate AMD or late AMD in one eye.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps support body tissues and is part of the vitamin and mineral combinations studied in AREDS and AREDS2 for AMD. Food sources include oranges, grapefruit, strawberries, papaya, green peppers, and tomatoes.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress and is also part of the AREDS and AREDS2 formulations studied for AMD. Food sources include vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and wheat germ.

Essential Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are important for overall health and normal visual development. Fish such as salmon, sardines, and tuna are common dietary sources. Some people use omega-3 supplements for dry eye symptoms, but study results are mixed.

Zinc

Zinc helps move vitamin A from the liver to the retina and supports normal retinal function. It is also included in AREDS and AREDS2 formulations for certain patients with AMD. Dietary sources include meat, oysters and other shellfish, beans, nuts, and seeds.

Put the information in context

Food-first guidance

Review the companion guide to diet and nutrition for eye health, including what the evidence does and does not show.

Individual evaluation

An eye examination can determine whether you have AMD or another condition that changes the advice.

Request an Appointment Learn About AMD

Sources and review status

This page received an informational editorial review using National Eye Institute resources on AREDS and AREDS2 and age-related macular degeneration. The review is not a clinical review or endorsement by an Optima Optometry clinician.